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Mammography
We've all heard the statistics on how many women lose the battle with breast cancer each year. But breast cancer does not have to be a killer. In fact, the survival rate approaches 100 percent for women with tumors detected when less than one centimeter. And the best way to detect tumors early is with a mammogram.
What is a mammogram?
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. It shows changes in breast tissue that could represent early signs of breast cancer and can find abnormalities too small to be felt by the woman herself or by an experienced physician. Even when it reveals good news -- which is most often the case -- an annual mammogram gives you a certain peace of mind.
Who should have a mammogram?
Because of mammography's effectiveness, many doctors now are using it as a precautionary measure and recommend that all women be tested once they reach a certain age. For women 40 and older, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute and the American College of Radiology agree on an annual
mammogram. Regardless of national guidelines, a woman, at any age, and her physician have the authority to decide on a mammogram screening
frequency based on the woman's risk factors, such as family history of breast cancer.
What happens during a mammogram?
A mammogram typically takes 20 to 30 minutes. During that time, a registered radiological technologist specially trained in mammography and breast evaluation will conduct the examination.
Before your exam, you will be asked to remove all clothing above the waist and put on a hospital gown that fastens in the front.
You breasts then will be placed between two X-ray plates and compressed. While it may be slightly uncomfortable, this process is important because it allows for a more clear X-ray and decreases your dose of radiation.
If you are having a screening mammogram, the exam consists of two views of each breast.
Two views are sufficient in more than 85 percent of all patients examined.
Occasionally it is necessary to obtain additional views in order to complete your exam.
You may be asked to come back for additional views.
Do not be alarmed should additional studies be required.
We encourage you to talk to the technologist at the time of your mammogram about any questions or concerns you may have.
Are there any additional ways to detect lumps in my breast?
While yearly mammograms are the most effective method for finding even the smallest lumps, you can perform regular self exams. We recommend choosing between step one or step two, depending on which step is more comfortable for you. Then, we recommend choosing between steps three and four.
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Step 1
In the shower, raise one arm and place the flat part of your fingers (not tips) on your breast. Use your left hand for your right breast, right hand for left breast. Feel for thickenings, lumps or changes as you firmly guide your hand using one of the methods below. Use the same method each time. Also examine your armpit. Use this procedure for both breasts. |
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Step 2
Lie flat with a towel under your right shoulder and your right arm over your head. Firmly move your fingers using the same technique you used in the shower. Examine your armpit. Repeat for your left breast. |
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Use one of these three patterns when examining your breasts. When examining, gently squeeze both nipples and look for any discharge.
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Step 3
In front of a mirror, press your arms forward as you clasp your head. Look for any changes, like puckering, dimpling, or changes in skin texture. |
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Step 4
Again using the mirror, pull your shoulders and elbows forward as you press your hands on your hips and lean slightly toward the mirror. Examine your breasts for changes. |
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